Assessing vegetation changes in alpine arid and fragile ecosystems is imperative for informed ecological restoration initiatives and adaptive ecosystem management. Previous studies primarily employed the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to reveal vegetation dynamics. ignoring the spatial heterogeneity alterations caused by bare soil. In this study. https://www.ngetikin.com/limited-buy-NHL-Dallas-Stars-Lineup-iPhone-13-Skin-p119122-great-pick/